Situation 48.20.1. Here $S$ is a Noetherian scheme and $\omega _ S^\bullet $ is a dualizing complex.
48.20 Glueing dualizing complexes
We will now use glueing of dualizing complexes to get a theory which works for all finite type schemes over $S$ given a pair $(S, \omega _ S^\bullet )$ as in Situation 48.20.1. This is similar to [Remark on page 310, RD].
In Situation 48.20.1 let $X$ be a scheme of finite type over $S$. Let $\mathcal{U} : X = \bigcup _{i = 1, \ldots , n} U_ i$ be a finite open covering of $X$ by objects of $\textit{FTS}_ S$, see Situation 48.16.1. All this means is that the morphisms $U_ i \to S$ are separated (as they are already of finite type). Every affine scheme of finite type over $S$ is an object of $\textit{FTS}_ S$ by Schemes, Lemma 26.21.13 hence such open coverings certainly exist. Then for each $i, j, k \in \{ 1, \ldots , n\} $ the morphisms $p_ i : U_ i \to S$, $p_{ij} : U_ i \cap U_ j \to S$, and $p_{ijk} : U_ i \cap U_ j \cap U_ k \to S$ are separated and each of these schemes is an object of $\textit{FTS}_ S$. From such an open covering we obtain
$\omega _ i^\bullet = p_ i^!\omega _ S^\bullet $ a dualizing complex on $U_ i$, see Section 48.19,
for each $i, j$ a canonical isomorphism $\varphi _{ij} : \omega _ i^\bullet |_{U_ i \cap U_ j} \to \omega _ j^\bullet |_{U_ i \cap U_ j}$, and
for each $i, j, k$ we have
\[ \varphi _{ik}|_{U_ i \cap U_ j \cap U_ k} = \varphi _{jk}|_{U_ i \cap U_ j \cap U_ k} \circ \varphi _{ij}|_{U_ i \cap U_ j \cap U_ k} \]in $D(\mathcal{O}_{U_ i \cap U_ j \cap U_ k})$.
Here, in (2) we use that $(U_ i \cap U_ j \to U_ i)^!$ is given by restriction (Lemma 48.17.1) and that we have canonical isomorphisms
\[ (U_ i \cap U_ j \to U_ i)^! \circ p_ i^! = p_{ij}^! = (U_ i \cap U_ j \to U_ j)^! \circ p_ j^! \]
by Lemma 48.16.3 and to get (3) we use that the upper shriek functors form a pseudo functor by Lemma 48.16.4.
In the situation just described a dualizing complex normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $ and $\mathcal{U}$ is a pair $(K, \alpha _ i)$ where $K \in D(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ and $\alpha _ i : K|_{U_ i} \to \omega _ i^\bullet $ are isomorphisms such that $\varphi _{ij}$ is given by $\alpha _ j|_{U_ i \cap U_ j} \circ \alpha _ i^{-1}|_{U_ i \cap U_ j}$. Since being a dualizing complex on a scheme is a local property we see that dualizing complexes normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $ and $\mathcal{U}$ are indeed dualizing complexes.
Lemma 48.20.2. In Situation 48.20.1 let $X$ be a scheme of finite type over $S$ and let $\mathcal{U}$ be a finite open covering of $X$ by schemes separated over $S$. If there exists a dualizing complex normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $ and $\mathcal{U}$, then it is unique up to unique isomorphism.
Proof. If $(K, \alpha _ i)$ and $(K', \alpha _ i')$ are two, then we consider $L = R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ X}(K, K')$. By Lemma 48.2.6 and its proof, this is an invertible object of $D(\mathcal{O}_ X)$. Using $\alpha _ i$ and $\alpha '_ i$ we obtain an isomorphism
\[ \alpha _ i^ t \otimes \alpha '_ i : L|_{U_ i} \longrightarrow R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ X}(\omega _ i^\bullet , \omega _ i^\bullet ) = \mathcal{O}_{U_ i}[0] \]
This already implies that $L = H^0(L)[0]$ in $D(\mathcal{O}_ X)$. Moreover, $H^0(L)$ is an invertible sheaf with given trivializations on the opens $U_ i$ of $X$. Finally, the condition that $\alpha _ j|_{U_ i \cap U_ j} \circ \alpha _ i^{-1}|_{U_ i \cap U_ j}$ and $\alpha '_ j|_{U_ i \cap U_ j} \circ (\alpha '_ i)^{-1}|_{U_ i \cap U_ j}$ both give $\varphi _{ij}$ implies that the transition maps are $1$ and we get an isomorphism $H^0(L) = \mathcal{O}_ X$. $\square$
Lemma 48.20.3. In Situation 48.20.1 let $X$ be a scheme of finite type over $S$ and let $\mathcal{U}$, $\mathcal{V}$ be two finite open coverings of $X$ by schemes separated over $S$. If there exists a dualizing complex normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $ and $\mathcal{U}$, then there exists a dualizing complex normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $ and $\mathcal{V}$ and these complexes are canonically isomorphic.
Proof. It suffices to prove this when $\mathcal{U}$ is given by the opens $U_1, \ldots , U_ n$ and $\mathcal{V}$ by the opens $U_1, \ldots , U_{n + m}$. In fact, we may and do even assume $m = 1$. To go from a dualizing complex $(K, \alpha _ i)$ normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $ and $\mathcal{V}$ to a dualizing complex normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $ and $\mathcal{U}$ is achieved by forgetting about $\alpha _ i$ for $i = n + 1$. Conversely, let $(K, \alpha _ i)$ be a dualizing complex normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $ and $\mathcal{U}$. To finish the proof we need to construct a map $\alpha _{n + 1} : K|_{U_{n + 1}} \to \omega _{n + 1}^\bullet $ satisfying the desired conditions. To do this we observe that $U_{n + 1} = \bigcup U_ i \cap U_{n + 1}$ is an open covering. It is clear that $(K|_{U_{n + 1}}, \alpha _ i|_{U_ i \cap U_{n + 1}})$ is a dualizing complex normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $ and the covering $U_{n + 1} = \bigcup U_ i \cap U_{n + 1}$. On the other hand, by condition (3) the pair $(\omega _{n + 1}^\bullet |_{U_{n + 1}}, \varphi _{n + 1i})$ is another dualizing complex normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $ and the covering $U_{n + 1} = \bigcup U_ i \cap U_{n + 1}$. By Lemma 48.20.2 we obtain a unique isomorphism
\[ \alpha _{n + 1} : K|_{U_{n + 1}} \longrightarrow \omega _{n + 1}^\bullet \]
compatible with the given local isomorphisms. It is a pleasant exercise to show that this means it satisfies the required property. $\square$
Lemma 48.20.4. In Situation 48.20.1 let $X$ be a scheme of finite type over $S$ and let $\mathcal{U}$ be a finite open covering of $X$ by schemes separated over $S$. Then there exists a dualizing complex normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $ and $\mathcal{U}$.
Proof. Say $\mathcal{U} : X = \bigcup _{i = 1, \ldots , n} U_ i$. We prove the lemma by induction on $n$. The base case $n = 1$ is immediate. Assume $n > 1$. Set $X' = U_1 \cup \ldots \cup U_{n - 1}$ and let $(K', \{ \alpha '_ i\} _{i = 1, \ldots , n - 1})$ be a dualizing complex normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $ and $\mathcal{U}' : X' = \bigcup _{i = 1, \ldots , n - 1} U_ i$. It is clear that $(K'|_{X' \cap U_ n}, \alpha '_ i|_{U_ i \cap U_ n})$ is a dualizing complex normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $ and the covering $X' \cap U_ n = \bigcup _{i = 1, \ldots , n - 1} U_ i \cap U_ n$. On the other hand, by condition (3) the pair $(\omega _ n^\bullet |_{X' \cap U_ n}, \varphi _{ni})$ is another dualizing complex normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $ and the covering $X' \cap U_ n = \bigcup _{i = 1, \ldots , n - 1} U_ i \cap U_ n$. By Lemma 48.20.2 we obtain a unique isomorphism
\[ \epsilon : K'|_{X' \cap U_ n} \longrightarrow \omega _ i^\bullet |_{X' \cap U_ n} \]
compatible with the given local isomorphisms. By Cohomology, Lemma 20.45.1 we obtain $K \in D(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ together with isomorphisms $\beta : K|_{X'} \to K'$ and $\gamma : K|_{U_ n} \to \omega _ n^\bullet $ such that $\epsilon = \gamma |_{X'\cap U_ n} \circ \beta |_{X' \cap U_ n}^{-1}$. Then we define
\[ \alpha _ i = \alpha '_ i \circ \beta |_{U_ i}, i = 1, \ldots , n - 1, \text{ and } \alpha _ n = \gamma \]
We still need to verify that $\varphi _{ij}$ is given by $\alpha _ j|_{U_ i \cap U_ j} \circ \alpha _ i^{-1}|_{U_ i \cap U_ j}$. For $i, j \leq n - 1$ this follows from the corresponding condition for $\alpha _ i'$. For $i = j = n$ it is clear as well. If $i < j = n$, then we get
\[ \alpha _ n|_{U_ i \cap U_ n} \circ \alpha _ i^{-1}|_{U_ i \cap U_ n} = \gamma |_{U_ i \cap U_ n} \circ \beta ^{-1}|_{U_ i \cap U_ n} \circ (\alpha '_ i)^{-1}|_{U_ i \cap U_ n} = \epsilon |_{U_ i \cap U_ n} \circ (\alpha '_ i)^{-1}|_{U_ i \cap U_ n} \]
This is equal to $\alpha _{in}$ exactly because $\epsilon $ is the unique map compatible with the maps $\alpha _ i'$ and $\alpha _{ni}$. $\square$
Let $(S, \omega _ S^\bullet )$ be as in Situation 48.20.1. The upshot of the lemmas above is that given any scheme $X$ of finite type over $S$, there is a pair $(K, \alpha _ U)$ given up to unique isomorphism, consisting of an object $K \in D(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ and isomorphisms $\alpha _ U : K|_ U \to \omega _ U^\bullet $ for every open subscheme $U \subset X$ which is separated over $S$. Here $\omega _ U^\bullet = (U \to S)^!\omega _ S^\bullet $ is a dualizing complex on $U$, see Section 48.19. Moreover, if $\mathcal{U} : X = \bigcup U_ i$ is a finite open covering by opens which are separated over $S$, then $(K, \alpha _{U_ i})$ is a dualizing complex normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $ and $\mathcal{U}$. Namely, uniqueness up to unique isomorphism by Lemma 48.20.2, existence for one open covering by Lemma 48.20.4, and the fact that $K$ then works for all open coverings is Lemma 48.20.3.
Definition 48.20.5. Let $S$ be a Noetherian scheme and let $\omega _ S^\bullet $ be a dualizing complex on $S$. Let $X$ be a scheme of finite type over $S$. The complex $K$ constructed above is called the dualizing complex normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $ and is denoted $\omega _ X^\bullet $.
As the terminology suggest, a dualizing complex normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $ is not just an object of the derived category of $X$ but comes equipped with the local isomorphisms described above. This does not conflict with setting $\omega _ X^\bullet = p^!\omega _ S^\bullet $ where $p : X \to S$ is the structure morphism if $X$ is separated over $S$. More generally we have the following sanity check.
Lemma 48.20.6. Let $(S, \omega _ S^\bullet )$ be as in Situation 48.20.1. Let $f : X \to Y$ be a morphism of finite type schemes over $S$. Let $\omega _ X^\bullet $ and $\omega _ Y^\bullet $ be dualizing complexes normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $. Then $\omega _ X^\bullet $ is a dualizing complex normalized relative to $\omega _ Y^\bullet $.
Proof. This is just a matter of bookkeeping. Choose a finite affine open covering $\mathcal{V} : Y = \bigcup V_ j$. For each $j$ choose a finite affine open covering $f^{-1}(V_ j) = U_{ji}$. Set $\mathcal{U} : X = \bigcup U_{ji}$. The schemes $V_ j$ and $U_{ji}$ are separated over $S$, hence we have the upper shriek functors for $q_ j : V_ j \to S$, $p_{ji} : U_{ji} \to S$ and $f_{ji} : U_{ji} \to V_ j$ and $f_{ji}' : U_{ji} \to Y$. Let $(L, \beta _ j)$ be a dualizing complex normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $ and $\mathcal{V}$. Let $(K, \gamma _{ji})$ be a dualizing complex normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $ and $\mathcal{U}$. (In other words, $L = \omega _ Y^\bullet $ and $K = \omega _ X^\bullet $.) We can define
\[ \alpha _{ji} : K|_{U_{ji}} \xrightarrow {\gamma _{ji}} p_{ji}^!\omega _ S^\bullet = f_{ji}^!q_ j^!\omega _ S^\bullet \xrightarrow {f_{ji}^!\beta _ j^{-1}} f_{ji}^!(L|_{V_ j}) = (f_{ji}')^!(L) \]
To finish the proof we have to show that $\alpha _{ji}|_{U_{ji} \cap U_{j'i'}} \circ \alpha _{j'i'}^{-1}|_{U_{ji} \cap U_{j'i'}}$ is the canonical isomorphism $(f_{ji}')^!(L)|_{U_{ji} \cap U_{j'i'}} \to (f_{j'i'}')^!(L)|_{U_{ji} \cap U_{j'i'}}$. This is formal and we omit the details. $\square$
Lemma 48.20.7. Let $(S, \omega _ S^\bullet )$ be as in Situation 48.20.1. Let $j : X \to Y$ be an open immersion of schemes of finite type over $S$. Let $\omega _ X^\bullet $ and $\omega _ Y^\bullet $ be dualizing complexes normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $. Then there is a canonical isomorphism $\omega _ X^\bullet = \omega _ Y^\bullet |_ X$.
Proof. Immediate from the construction of normalized dualizing complexes given just above Definition 48.20.5. $\square$
Lemma 48.20.8. Let $(S, \omega _ S^\bullet )$ be as in Situation 48.20.1. Let $f : X \to Y$ be a proper morphism of schemes of finite type over $S$. Let $\omega _ X^\bullet $ and $\omega _ Y^\bullet $ be dualizing complexes normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $. Let $a$ be the right adjoint of Lemma 48.3.1 for $f$. Then there is a canonical isomorphism $a(\omega _ Y^\bullet ) = \omega _ X^\bullet $.
Proof. Let $p : X \to S$ and $q : Y \to S$ be the structure morphisms. If $X$ and $Y$ are separated over $S$, then this follows from the fact that $\omega _ X^\bullet = p^!\omega _ S^\bullet $, $\omega _ Y^\bullet = q^!\omega _ S^\bullet $, $f^! = a$, and $f^! \circ q^! = p^!$ (Lemma 48.16.3). In the general case we first use Lemma 48.20.6 to reduce to the case $Y = S$. In this case $X$ and $Y$ are separated over $S$ and we've just seen the result. $\square$
Let $(S, \omega _ S^\bullet )$ be as in Situation 48.20.1. For a scheme $X$ of finite type over $S$ denote $\omega _ X^\bullet $ the dualizing complex for $X$ normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $. Define $D_ X(-) = R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ X}(-, \omega _ X^\bullet )$ as in Lemma 48.2.5. Let $f : X \to Y$ be a morphism of finite type schemes over $S$. Define
\[ f_{new}^! = D_ X \circ Lf^* \circ D_ Y : D_{\textit{Coh}}^+(\mathcal{O}_ Y) \to D_{\textit{Coh}}^+(\mathcal{O}_ X) \]
If $f : X \to Y$ and $g : Y \to Z$ are composable morphisms between schemes of finite type over $S$, define
\begin{align*} (g \circ f)^!_{new} & = D_ X \circ L(g \circ f)^* \circ D_ Z \\ & = D_ X \circ Lf^* \circ Lg^* \circ D_ Z \\ & \to D_ X \circ Lf^* \circ D_ Y \circ D_ Y \circ Lg^* \circ D_ Z \\ & = f^!_{new} \circ g^!_{new} \end{align*}
where the arrow is defined in Lemma 48.2.5. We collect the results together in the following lemma.
Lemma 48.20.9. Let $(S, \omega _ S^\bullet )$ be as in Situation 48.20.1. With $f^!_{new}$ and $\omega _ X^\bullet $ defined for all (morphisms of) schemes of finite type over $S$ as above:
the functors $f^!_{new}$ and the arrows $(g \circ f)^!_{new} \to f^!_{new} \circ g^!_{new}$ turn $D_{\textit{Coh}}^+$ into a pseudo functor from the category of schemes of finite type over $S$ into the $2$-category of categories,
$\omega _ X^\bullet = (X \to S)^!_{new} \omega _ S^\bullet $,
the functor $D_ X$ defines an involution of $D_{\textit{Coh}}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ switching $D_{\textit{Coh}}^+(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ and $D_{\textit{Coh}}^-(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ and fixing $D_{\textit{Coh}}^ b(\mathcal{O}_ X)$,
$\omega _ X^\bullet = f^!_{new}\omega _ Y^\bullet $ for $f : X \to Y$ a morphism of finite type schemes over $S$,
$f^!_{new}M = D_ X(Lf^*D_ Y(M))$ for $M \in D_{\textit{Coh}}^+(\mathcal{O}_ Y)$, and
if in addition $f$ is proper, then $f^!_{new}$ is isomorphic to the restriction of the right adjoint of $Rf_* : D_\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X) \to D_\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ Y)$ to $D_{\textit{Coh}}^+(\mathcal{O}_ Y)$ and there is a canonical isomorphism
for $K \in D^-_{\textit{Coh}}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ and $M \in D_{\textit{Coh}}^+(\mathcal{O}_ Y)$, and
for $K \in D^-_{\textit{Coh}}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ and
\[ Rf_*R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ X}(K, f^!_{new}M) \to R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ Y}(Rf_*K, M) \]
\[ Rf_*R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ X}(K, \omega _ X^\bullet ) = R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ Y}(Rf_*K, \omega _ Y^\bullet ) \]
If $X$ is separated over $S$, then $\omega _ X^\bullet $ is canonically isomorphic to $(X \to S)^!\omega _ S^\bullet $ and if $f$ is a morphism between schemes separated over $S$, then there is a canonical isomorphism1 $f_{new}^!K = f^!K$ for $K$ in $D_{\textit{Coh}}^+$.
Proof. Let $f : X \to Y$, $g : Y \to Z$, $h : Z \to T$ be morphisms of schemes of finite type over $S$. We have to show that
\[ \xymatrix{ (h \circ g \circ f)^!_{new} \ar[r] \ar[d] & f^!_{new} \circ (h \circ g)^!_{new} \ar[d] \\ (g \circ f)^!_{new} \circ h^!_{new} \ar[r] & f^!_{new} \circ g^!_{new} \circ h^!_{new} } \]
is commutative. Let $\eta _ Y : \text{id} \to D_ Y^2$ and $\eta _ Z : \text{id} \to D_ Z^2$ be the canonical isomorphisms of Lemma 48.2.5. Then, using Categories, Lemma 4.28.2, a computation (omitted) shows that both arrows $(h \circ g \circ f)^!_{new} \to f^!_{new} \circ g^!_{new} \circ h^!_{new}$ are given by
\[ 1 \star \eta _ Y \star 1 \star \eta _ Z \star 1 : D_ X \circ Lf^* \circ Lg^* \circ Lh^* \circ D_ T \longrightarrow D_ X \circ Lf^* \circ D_ Y^2 \circ Lg^* \circ D_ Z^2 \circ Lh^* \circ D_ T \]
This proves (1). Part (2) is immediate from the definition of $(X \to S)^!_{new}$ and the fact that $D_ S(\omega _ S^\bullet ) = \mathcal{O}_ S$. Part (3) is Lemma 48.2.5. Part (4) follows by the same argument as part (2). Part (5) is the definition of $f^!_{new}$.
Proof of (6). Let $a$ be the right adjoint of Lemma 48.3.1 for the proper morphism $f : X \to Y$ of schemes of finite type over $S$. The issue is that we do not know $X$ or $Y$ is separated over $S$ (and in general this won't be true) hence we cannot immediately apply Lemma 48.17.8 to $f$ over $S$. To get around this we use the canonical identification $\omega _ X^\bullet = a(\omega _ Y^\bullet )$ of Lemma 48.20.8. Hence $f^!_{new}$ is the restriction of $a$ to $D_{\textit{Coh}}^+(\mathcal{O}_ Y)$ by Lemma 48.17.8 applied to $f : X \to Y$ over the base scheme $Y$! The displayed equalities hold by Example 48.3.9.
The final assertions follow from the construction of normalized dualizing complexes and the already used Lemma 48.17.8. $\square$
Remark 48.20.10. Let $S$ be a Noetherian scheme which has a dualizing complex. Let $f : X \to Y$ be a morphism of schemes of finite type over $S$. Then the functor is independent of the choice of the dualizing complex $\omega _ S^\bullet $ up to canonical isomorphism. We sketch the proof. Any second dualizing complex is of the form $\omega _ S^\bullet \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_ S}^\mathbf {L} \mathcal{L}$ where $\mathcal{L}$ is an invertible object of $D(\mathcal{O}_ S)$, see Lemma 48.2.6. For any separated morphism $p : U \to S$ of finite type we have $p^!(\omega _ S^\bullet \otimes ^\mathbf {L}_{\mathcal{O}_ S} \mathcal{L}) = p^!(\omega _ S^\bullet ) \otimes ^\mathbf {L}_{\mathcal{O}_ U} Lp^*\mathcal{L}$ by Lemma 48.8.1. Hence, if $\omega _ X^\bullet $ and $\omega _ Y^\bullet $ are the dualizing complexes normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $ we see that $\omega _ X^\bullet \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_ X}^\mathbf {L} La^*\mathcal{L}$ and $\omega _ Y^\bullet \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_ Y}^\mathbf {L} Lb^*\mathcal{L}$ are the dualizing complexes normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_ S}^\mathbf {L} \mathcal{L}$ (where $a : X \to S$ and $b : Y \to S$ are the structure morphisms). Then the result follows as for $K \in D^+_{Coh}(\mathcal{O}_ Y)$. The last equality because $La^*\mathcal{L}$ is invertible in $D(\mathcal{O}_ X)$.
\[ f_{new}^! : D^+_{Coh}(\mathcal{O}_ Y) \to D^+_{Coh}(\mathcal{O}_ X) \]
\begin{align*} & R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ X}(Lf^*R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ Y}(K, \omega _ Y^\bullet \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_ Y}^\mathbf {L} Lb^*\mathcal{L}), \omega _ X^\bullet \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_ X}^\mathbf {L} La^*\mathcal{L}) \\ & = R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ X}(Lf^*R(\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ Y}(K, \omega _ Y^\bullet ) \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_ Y}^\mathbf {L} Lb^*\mathcal{L}), \omega _ X^\bullet \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_ X}^\mathbf {L} La^*\mathcal{L}) \\ & = R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ X}(Lf^*R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ Y}(K, \omega _ Y^\bullet ) \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_ X}^\mathbf {L} La^*\mathcal{L}, \omega _ X^\bullet \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_ X}^\mathbf {L} La^*\mathcal{L}) \\ & = R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ X}(Lf^*R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ Y}(K, \omega _ Y^\bullet ), \omega _ X^\bullet ) \end{align*}
Example 48.20.11. Let $S$ be a Noetherian scheme and let $\omega _ S^\bullet $ be a dualizing complex. Let $f : X \to Y$ be a proper morphism of finite type schemes over $S$. Let $\omega _ X^\bullet $ and $\omega _ Y^\bullet $ be dualizing complexes normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $. In this situation we have $a(\omega _ Y^\bullet ) = \omega _ X^\bullet $ (Lemma 48.20.8) and hence the trace map (Section 48.7) is a canonical arrow which produces the isomorphisms (Lemma 48.20.9) and for $L$ in $D_\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$.
\[ \text{Tr}_ f : Rf_*\omega _ X^\bullet \longrightarrow \omega _ Y^\bullet \]
\[ \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _ X(L, \omega _ X^\bullet ) = \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _ Y(Rf_*L, \omega _ Y^\bullet ) \]
\[ Rf_*R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ X}(L, \omega _ X^\bullet ) = R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ Y}(Rf_*L, \omega _ Y^\bullet ) \]
Remark 48.20.12. Let $S$ be a Noetherian scheme and let $\omega _ S^\bullet $ be a dualizing complex. Let $f : X \to Y$ be a finite morphism between schemes of finite type over $S$. Let $\omega _ X^\bullet $ and $\omega _ Y^\bullet $ be dualizing complexes normalized relative to $\omega _ S^\bullet $. Then we have in $D_\mathit{QCoh}^+(f_*\mathcal{O}_ X)$ by Lemmas 48.11.4 and 48.20.8 and the trace map of Example 48.20.11 is the map which often goes under the name “evaluation at $1$”.
\[ f_*\omega _ X^\bullet = R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits (f_*\mathcal{O}_ X, \omega _ Y^\bullet ) \]
\[ \text{Tr}_ f : Rf_*\omega _ X^\bullet = f_*\omega _ X^\bullet = R\mathop{\mathcal{H}\! \mathit{om}}\nolimits (f_*\mathcal{O}_ X, \omega _ Y^\bullet ) \longrightarrow \omega _ Y^\bullet \]
Remark 48.20.13. Let $f : X \to Y$ be a flat proper morphism of finite type schemes over a pair $(S, \omega _ S^\bullet )$ as in Situation 48.20.1. The relative dualizing complex (Remark 48.12.5) is $\omega _{X/Y}^\bullet = a(\mathcal{O}_ Y)$. By Lemma 48.20.8 we have the first canonical isomorphism in in $D(\mathcal{O}_ X)$. The second canonical isomorphism follows from the discussion in Remark 48.12.5.
\[ \omega _ X^\bullet = a(\omega _ Y^\bullet ) = Lf^*\omega _ Y^\bullet \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_ X}^\mathbf {L} \omega _{X/Y}^\bullet \]
[1] We haven't checked that these are compatible with the isomorphisms $(g \circ f)^! \to f^! \circ g^!$ and $(g \circ f)^!_{new} \to f^!_{new} \circ g^!_{new}$. We will do this here if we need this later.
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