The Stacks project

Lemma 88.7.2. Let $I$ be an ideal of a Noetherian ring $A$. Let $B$ be an object of (88.2.0.2). Let $B = A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^\wedge /J$ be a presentation. Assume there exists an element $b \in B$, $0 \leq m \leq r$, and $f_1, \ldots , f_ m \in J$ such that

  1. $V(b) \subset V(IB)$ in $\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(B)$,

  2. the image of $\Delta = \det _{1 \leq i, j \leq m}(\partial f_ j/\partial x_ i)$ in $B$ divides $b$, and

  3. $b J \subset (f_1, \ldots , f_ m) + J^2$.

Then there exists a finite type $A$-algebra $C$ and an $A$-algebra isomorphism $B \cong C^\wedge $.

Proof. The conditions imply that $B$ is rig-smooth over $(A, I)$, see Lemma 88.4.2. Write $b' \Delta = b$ in $B$ for some $b' \in B$. Say $I = (a_1, \ldots , a_ t)$. Since $V(b) \subset V(IB)$ there exists an integer $c \geq 0$ such that $I^ cB \subset bB$. Write $bb_ i = a_ i^ c$ in $B$ for some $b_ i \in B$.

Choose an integer $n \gg 0$ (we will see later how large). Choose polynomials $f'_1, \ldots , f'_ m \in A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]$ such that $f_ i - f'_ i \in I^ nA[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^\wedge $. We set $\Delta ' = \det _{1 \leq i, j \leq m}(\partial f'_ j/\partial x_ i)$ and we consider the finite type $A$-algebra

\[ C = A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r, z_1, \ldots , z_ t]/ (f'_1, \ldots , f'_ m, z_1\Delta ' - a_1^ c, \ldots , z_ t\Delta ' - a_ t^ c) \]

We will apply Lemma 88.7.1 to $C$. We compute

\[ \det \left( \begin{matrix} \text{matrix of partials of} \\ f'_1, \ldots , f'_ m, z_1\Delta ' - a_1^ c, \ldots , z_ t\Delta ' - a_ t^ c \\ \text{with respect to the variables} \\ x_1, \ldots , x_ m, z_1, \ldots , z_ t \end{matrix} \right) = (\Delta ')^{t + 1} \]

Hence we see that $\mathop{\mathrm{Ext}}\nolimits ^1_ C(\mathop{N\! L}\nolimits _{C/A}, N)$ is annihilated by $(\Delta ')^{t + 1}$ for all $C$-modules $N$. Since $a_ i^ c$ is divisible by $\Delta '$ in $C$ we see that $a_ i^{(t + 1)c}$ annihilates these $\mathop{\mathrm{Ext}}\nolimits ^1$'s also. Thus $I^{c_1}$ annihilates $\mathop{\mathrm{Ext}}\nolimits ^1_ C(\mathop{N\! L}\nolimits _{C/A}, N)$ for all $C$-modules $N$ where $c_1 = 1 + t((t + 1)c - 1)$. The exact value of $c_1$ doesn't matter for the rest of the argument; what matters is that it is independent of $n$.

Since $\mathop{N\! L}\nolimits _{C^\wedge /A}^\wedge = \mathop{N\! L}\nolimits _{C/A} \otimes _ C C^\wedge $ by Lemma 88.3.2 we conclude that multiplication by $I^{c_1}$ is zero on $\mathop{\mathrm{Ext}}\nolimits ^1_{C^\wedge }(\mathop{N\! L}\nolimits _{C^\wedge /A}^\wedge , N)$ for any $C^\wedge $-module $N$ as well, see More on Algebra, Lemmas 15.84.7 and 15.84.6. In particular $C^\wedge $ is rig-smooth over $(A, I)$.

Observe that we have a surjective $A$-algebra homomorphism

\[ \psi _ n : C \longrightarrow B/I^ nB \]

sending the class of $x_ i$ to the class of $x_ i$ and sending the class of $z_ i$ to the class of $b_ ib'$. This works because of our choices of $b'$ and $b_ i$ in the first paragraph of the proof.

Let $d = d(\text{Gr}_ I(B))$ and $q_0 = q(\text{Gr}_ I(B))$ be the integers found in Local Cohomology, Section 51.22. By Lemma 88.5.3 if we take $n \geq \max (q_0 + (d + 1)c_1, 2(d + 1)c_1 + 1)$ we can find a homomorphism $\varphi : C^\wedge \to B$ of $A$-algebras which is congruent to $\psi _ n$ modulo $I^{n - (d + 1)c_1}B$.

Since $\varphi : C^\wedge \to B$ is surjective modulo $I$ we see that it is surjective (for example use Algebra, Lemma 10.96.1). To finish the proof it suffices to show that $\mathop{\mathrm{Ker}}(\varphi )/\mathop{\mathrm{Ker}}(\varphi )^2$ is annihilated by a power of $I$, see More on Algebra, Lemma 15.108.4.

Since $\varphi $ is surjective we see that $\mathop{N\! L}\nolimits _{B/C^{\wedge }}^\wedge $ has cohomology modules $H^0(\mathop{N\! L}\nolimits _{B/C^{\wedge }}^\wedge ) = 0$ and $H^{-1}(\mathop{N\! L}\nolimits _{B/C^{\wedge }}^\wedge ) = \mathop{\mathrm{Ker}}(\varphi )/\mathop{\mathrm{Ker}}(\varphi )^2$. We have an exact sequence

\[ H^{-1}(\mathop{N\! L}\nolimits _{C^\wedge /A}^\wedge \otimes _{C^\wedge } B) \to H^{-1}(\mathop{N\! L}\nolimits _{B/A}^\wedge ) \to H^{-1}(\mathop{N\! L}\nolimits _{B/C^{\wedge }}^\wedge ) \to H^0(\mathop{N\! L}\nolimits _{C^\wedge /A}^\wedge \otimes _{C^\wedge } B) \to H^0(\mathop{N\! L}\nolimits _{B/A}^\wedge ) \to 0 \]

by Lemma 88.3.5. The first two modules are annihilated by a power of $I$ as $B$ and $C^\wedge $ are rig-smooth over $(A, I)$. Hence it suffices to show that the kernel of the surjective map $H^0(\mathop{N\! L}\nolimits _{C^\wedge /A}^\wedge \otimes _{C^\wedge } B) \to H^0(\mathop{N\! L}\nolimits _{B/A}^\wedge )$ is annihilated by a power of $I$. For this it suffices to show that it is annihilated by a power of $b$. In other words, it suffices to show that

\[ H^0(\mathop{N\! L}\nolimits _{C^\wedge /A}^\wedge ) \otimes _{C^\wedge } B[1/b] \longrightarrow H^0(\mathop{N\! L}\nolimits _{B/A}^\wedge ) \otimes _ B B[1/b] \]

is an isomorphism. However, both are free $B[1/b]$ modules of rank $r - m$ with basis $\text{d}x_{m + 1}, \ldots , \text{d}x_ r$ and we conclude the proof. $\square$


Comments (0)


Post a comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked.

In your comment you can use Markdown and LaTeX style mathematics (enclose it like $\pi$). A preview option is available if you wish to see how it works out (just click on the eye in the toolbar).

Unfortunately JavaScript is disabled in your browser, so the comment preview function will not work.

All contributions are licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.




In order to prevent bots from posting comments, we would like you to prove that you are human. You can do this by filling in the name of the current tag in the following input field. As a reminder, this is tag 0GAW. Beware of the difference between the letter 'O' and the digit '0'.