Proof.
Fix $n \geq 1$. By construction there is a canonical map $K \to \mathcal{F}_ n$ in $D_\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ and hence a canonical map $H^0(K) \to \mathcal{F}_ n$ of quasi-coherent sheaves. This explains the meaning of part (3).
Let $x \in X_0$ be a point. We will find an open neighbourhood $W$ of $x$ such that (1), (2), and (3) are true. Since $X_0$ is quasi-compact this will prove the lemma. Let $U \to X$ be an étale morphism with $U$ affine and $u \in U$ a point mapping to $x$. Since $|U| \to |X|$ is open it suffices to find an open neighbourhood of $u$ in $U$ where (1), (2), and (3) are true. Say $U = \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(B)$. Choose a surjection $P \to B$ with $P$ smooth over $A$. By Lemma 77.12.4 and the definition of relative pseudo-coherence there exists a bounded above complex $F^\bullet $ of finite free $P$-modules representing $Ri_*K$ where $i : U \to \mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(P)$ is the closed immersion induced by the presentation. Let $M_ n$ be the $B$-module corresponding to $\mathcal{F}_ n|_ U$. By Lemma 77.12.5
\[ H^ i(F^\bullet \otimes _ A A_ n) = \left\{ \begin{matrix} 0
& \text{if}
& i \not= 0
\\ M_ n
& \text{if}
& i = 0
\end{matrix} \right. \]
Let $i$ be the maximal index such that $F^ i$ is nonzero. If $i \leq 0$, then (1), (2), and (3) are true. If not, then $i > 0$ and we see that the rank of the map
\[ F^{i - 1} \to F^ i \]
in the point $u$ is maximal. Hence in an open neighbourhood of $u$ inside $\mathop{\mathrm{Spec}}(P)$ the rank is maximal. Thus after replacing $P$ by a principal localization we may assume that the displayed map is surjective. Since $F^ i$ is finite free we may choose a splitting $F^{i - 1} = F' \oplus F^ i$. Then we may replace $F^\bullet $ by the complex
\[ \ldots \to F^{i - 2} \to F' \to 0 \to \ldots \]
and we win by induction on $i$.
$\square$
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