59.37 Functoriality of big topoi
Given a morphism of schemes $f : X \to Y$ there are a whole host of morphisms of topoi associated to $f$, see Topologies, Section 34.11 for a list. Perhaps the most used ones are the morphisms of topoi
where $\tau \in \{ Zariski, {\acute{e}tale}, smooth, syntomic, fppf\} $. These each correspond to a continuous functor
which preserves final objects, fibre products and covering, and hence defines a morphism of sites
See Topologies, Sections 34.3, 34.4, 34.5, 34.6, and 34.7. In particular, pushforward along $f_{big}$ is given by the rule
It turns out that these morphisms of topoi have an inverse image functor $f_{big}^{-1}$ which is very easy to describe. Namely, we have
where the structure morphism of $U/Y$ is the composition of the structure morphism $U \to X$ with $f$, see Topologies, Lemmas 34.3.16, 34.4.16, 34.5.10, 34.6.10, and 34.7.12.
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