Lemma 10.52.4. Let $R$ be a local ring with maximal ideal $\mathfrak m$. If $M$ is an $R$-module and $\mathfrak m^ n M \not= 0$ for all $n \geq 0$, then $\text{length}_ R(M) = \infty $. In other words, if $M$ has finite length then $\mathfrak m^ nM = 0$ for some $n$.
Proof. Assume $\mathfrak m^ n M \not= 0$ for all $n\geq 0$. Choose $x \in M$ and $f_1, \ldots , f_ n \in \mathfrak m$ such that $f_1f_2 \ldots f_ n x \not= 0$. The first $n$ steps in the filtration
\[ 0 \subset R f_1 \ldots f_ n x \subset R f_1 \ldots f_{n - 1} x \subset \ldots \subset R x \subset M \]
are distinct. For example, if $R f_1 x = R f_1 f_2 x$ , then $f_1 x = g f_1 f_2 x$ for some $g$, hence $(1 - gf_2) f_1 x = 0$ hence $f_1 x = 0$ as $1 - gf_2$ is a unit which is a contradiction with the choice of $x$ and $f_1, \ldots , f_ n$. Hence the length is infinite. $\square$
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