Proof.
The proof is the (roughly) same as the proof of Lemma 68.9.2 with additional technical comments to obtain the dense quasi-compact open $U$ (and unfortunately changes in notation to keep track of $U$).
Part (1) is the special case of part (2) where $V = X$.
Proof of (2). Choose a surjective étale morphism $V' \to V$ where $V'$ is a scheme. It is clear that we may replace $V$ by $V'$ and hence we may assume $V$ is a scheme. Since $X$ is quasi-compact, there exist finitely many affine opens $V_ i \subset V$ such that $V' = \coprod V_ i \to X$ is surjective. After replacing $V$ by $V'$ again, we see that we may assume $V$ is affine. Since $X$ is quasi-separated, hence reasonable, there exists an integer $d$ bounding the degree of the geometric fibres of $V \to X$ (see Lemma 68.5.1).
By induction on $d \geq 1$ we will prove the following induction hypothesis $(H_ d)$:
for any quasi-compact and quasi-separated algebraic space $X$ with finitely many irreducible components, for any $m \geq 0$, for any quasi-compact and separated schemes $V_ j$, $j = 1, \ldots , m$, for any étale morphisms $\varphi _ j : V_ j \to X$, $j = 1, \ldots , m$ such that $d$ bounds the degree of the geometric fibres of $\varphi _ j : V_ j\to X$ and $\varphi = \coprod \varphi _ j : V = \coprod V_ j \to X$ is surjective, the statement of the lemma holds for $\varphi : V \to X$.
If $d = 1$, then each $\varphi _ j$ is an open immersion. Hence $X$ is a scheme and the result holds with $Y = V$. Assume $d > 1$, assume $(H_{d - 1})$ and let $m$, $\varphi : V_ j \to X$, $j = 1, \ldots , m$ be as in $(H_ d)$.
Let $\eta _1, \ldots , \eta _ n \in |X|$ be the generic points of the irreducible components of $|X|$. By Properties of Spaces, Proposition 66.13.3 there is an open subscheme $U \subset X$ with $\eta _1, \ldots , \eta _ n \in U$. By shrinking $U$ we may assume $U$ affine and by Morphisms, Lemma 29.51.1 we may assume each $\varphi _ j : V_ j \to X$ is finite étale over $U$. Of course, we see that $U$ is quasi-compact and dense in $X$ and that $\varphi _ j^{-1}(U)$ is dense in $V_ j$. In particular each $V_ j$ has finitely many irreducible components.
Fix $j \in \{ 1, \ldots , m\} $. As in Morphisms of Spaces, Lemma 67.52.2 we let $Y_ j$ be the normalization of $X$ in $V_ j$. We obtain a factorization
\[ \xymatrix{ V_ j \ar[rr] \ar[rd]_{\varphi _ j} & & Y_ j \ar[ld]^{\pi _ j} \\ & X } \]
with $\pi _ j$ integral and $V_ j \to Y_ j$ a quasi-compact open immersion. Since $Y_ j$ is the normalization of $X$ in $V_ j$, we see from Morphisms of Spaces, Lemmas 67.48.4 and 67.48.10 that $\varphi _ j^{-1}(U) \to \pi _ j^{-1}(U)$ is an isomorphism. Thus $\pi _ j$ is finite étale over $U$. Observe that $V_ j$ is scheme theoretically dense in $Y_ j$ because $Y_ j$ is the normalization of $X$ in $V_ j$ (follows from the characterization of relative normalization in Morphisms of Spaces, Lemma 67.48.5). Since $V_ j$ is quasi-compact we see that $|V_ j| \subset |Y_ j|$ is dense, see Morphisms of Spaces, Section 67.17 (and especially Morphisms of Spaces, Lemma 67.17.7). It follows that $|Y_ j|$ has finitely many irreducible components. Then $V_ j \times _ X Y_ j$ is a quasi-compact, separated scheme (being finite over $V_ j$) and
\[ V_ j \times _ X Y_ j = V_ j \amalg W_ j \]
Here the first summand is the image of $V_ j \to V_ j \times _ X Y_ j$ (which is closed by Morphisms of Spaces, Lemma 67.4.6 and open because it is étale as a morphism between algebraic spaces étale over $Y$) and the second summand is the (open and closed) complement.
The étale morphism $W_ j \to Y_ j$ has geometric fibres of cardinality $< d$. Namely, this is clear for geometric points of $V_ j \subset Y_ j$ by inspection. Since $|V_ j| \subset |Y_ j|$ is dense, it holds for all geometric points of $Y_ j$ by Lemma 68.8.1 (the degree of the fibres of a quasi-compact étale morphism does not go up under specialization). By $(H_{d - 1})$ applied to $V_ j \amalg W_ j \to Y_ j$ we find a surjective integral morphism $Y_ j' \to Y_ j$ with $Y_ j'$ a scheme, which Zariski locally factors through $V_ j \amalg W_ j$, and which is finite étale over a quasi-compact dense open $U_ j \subset Y_ j$. After shrinking $U$ we may and do assume that $\pi _ j^{-1}(U) \subset U_ j$ (we may and do choose the same $U$ for all $j$; some details omitted).
We claim that
\[ Y = \coprod \nolimits _{j = 1, \ldots , m} Y'_ j \longrightarrow X \]
is the solution to our problem. First, this morphism is integral as on each summand we have the composition $Y'_ j \to Y \to X$ of integral morphisms (Morphisms of Spaces, Lemma 67.45.4). Second, this morphism Zariski locally factors through $V = \coprod V_ j$ because we saw above that each $Y'_ j \to Y_ j$ factors Zariski locally through $V_ j \amalg W_ j = V_ j \times _ X Y_ j$. Finally, since both $Y'_ j \to Y_ j$ and $Y_ j \to X$ are finite étale over $U$, so is the composition. This finishes the proof.
$\square$
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