Lemma 76.18.4. Let $S$ be a scheme. Consider a commutative diagram
\[ \xymatrix{ (X \subset X') \ar[rr]_{(f, f')} \ar[rd] & & (Y \subset Y') \ar[ld] \\ & (B \subset B') } \]
of thickenings of algebraic spaces over $S$. Assume
$Y' \to B'$ is locally of finite type,
$X' \to B'$ is flat and locally of finite presentation,
$f$ is flat, and
$X = B \times _{B'} X'$ and $Y = B \times _{B'} Y'$.
Then $f'$ is flat and for all $y' \in |Y'|$ in the image of $|f'|$ the morphism $Y' \to B'$ is flat at $y'$.
Proof.
Choose a scheme $U'$ and a surjective étale morphism $U' \to B'$. Choose a scheme $V'$ and a surjective étale morphism $V' \to U' \times _{B'} Y'$. Choose a scheme $W'$ and a surjective étale morphism $W' \to V' \times _{Y'} X'$. Let $U, V, W$ be the base change of $U', V', W'$ by $B \to B'$. Then flatness of $f'$ is equivalent to flatness of $W' \to V'$ and we are given that $W \to V$ is flat. Hence we may apply the lemma in the case of schemes to the diagram
\[ \xymatrix{ (W \subset W') \ar[rr] \ar[rd] & & (V \subset V') \ar[ld] \\ & (U \subset U') } \]
of thickenings of schemes. See More on Morphisms, Lemma 37.10.4. The statement about flatness of $Y'/B'$ at points in the image of $f'$ follows in the same manner.
$\square$
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