The Stacks project

60.8 The big crystalline site

We first define the big site. Given a divided power scheme $(S, \mathcal{I}, \gamma )$ we say $(T, \mathcal{J}, \delta )$ is a divided power scheme over $(S, \mathcal{I}, \gamma )$ if $T$ comes endowed with a morphism $T \to S$ of divided power schemes. Similarly, we say a divided power thickening $(U, T, \delta )$ is a divided power thickening over $(S, \mathcal{I}, \gamma )$ if $T$ comes endowed with a morphism $T \to S$ of divided power schemes.

Definition 60.8.1. In Situation 60.7.5.

  1. A divided power thickening of $X$ relative to $(S, \mathcal{I}, \gamma )$ is given by a divided power thickening $(U, T, \delta )$ over $(S, \mathcal{I}, \gamma )$ and an $S$-morphism $U \to X$.

  2. A morphism of divided power thickenings of $X$ relative to $(S, \mathcal{I}, \gamma )$ is defined in the obvious manner.

The category of divided power thickenings of $X$ relative to $(S, \mathcal{I}, \gamma )$ is denoted $\text{CRIS}(X/S, \mathcal{I}, \gamma )$ or simply $\text{CRIS}(X/S)$.

For any $(U, T, \delta )$ in $\text{CRIS}(X/S)$ we have that $p$ is locally nilpotent on $T$, see discussion preceding Situation 60.7.5. A good way to visualize all the data associated to $(U, T, \delta )$ is the commutative diagram

\[ \xymatrix{ T \ar[dd] & U \ar[l] \ar[d] \\ & X \ar[d] \\ S & S_0 \ar[l] } \]

where $S_0 = V(\mathcal{I}) \subset S$. Morphisms of $\text{CRIS}(X/S)$ can be similarly visualized as huge commutative diagrams. In particular, there is a canonical forgetful functor

60.8.1.1
\begin{equation} \label{crystalline-equation-forget} \text{CRIS}(X/S) \longrightarrow \mathit{Sch}/X,\quad (U, T, \delta ) \longmapsto U \end{equation}

as well as its one sided inverse (and left adjoint)

60.8.1.2
\begin{equation} \label{crystalline-equation-endow-trivial} \mathit{Sch}/X \longrightarrow \text{CRIS}(X/S),\quad U \longmapsto (U, U, \emptyset ) \end{equation}

which is sometimes useful.

Lemma 60.8.2. In Situation 60.7.5. The category $\text{CRIS}(X/S)$ has all finite nonempty limits, in particular products of pairs and fibre products. The functor (60.8.1.1) commutes with limits.

Proof. Omitted. Hint: See Lemma 60.5.3 for the affine case. See also Divided Power Algebra, Remark 23.3.5. $\square$

Lemma 60.8.3. In Situation 60.7.5. Let

\[ \xymatrix{ (U_3, T_3, \delta _3) \ar[d] \ar[r] & (U_2, T_2, \delta _2) \ar[d] \\ (U_1, T_1, \delta _1) \ar[r] & (U, T, \delta ) } \]

be a fibre square in the category of divided power thickenings of $X$ relative to $(S, \mathcal{I}, \gamma )$. If $T_2 \to T$ is flat and $U_2 = T_2 \times _ T U$, then $T_3 = T_1 \times _ T T_2$ (as schemes).

Proof. This is true because a divided power structure extends uniquely along a flat ring map. See Divided Power Algebra, Lemma 23.4.2. $\square$

The lemma above means that the base change of a flat morphism of divided power thickenings is another flat morphism, and in fact is the “usual” base change of the morphism. This implies that the following definition makes sense.

Definition 60.8.4. In Situation 60.7.5.

  1. A family of morphisms $\{ (U_ i, T_ i, \delta _ i) \to (U, T, \delta )\} $ of divided power thickenings of $X/S$ is a Zariski, étale, smooth, syntomic, or fppf covering if and only if

    1. $U_ i = U \times _ T T_ i$ for all $i$ and

    2. $\{ T_ i \to T\} $ is a Zariski, étale, smooth, syntomic, or fppf covering.

  2. The big crystalline site of $X$ over $(S, \mathcal{I}, \gamma )$, is the category $\text{CRIS}(X/S)$ endowed with the Zariski topology.

  3. The topos of sheaves on $\text{CRIS}(X/S)$ is denoted $(X/S)_{\text{CRIS}}$ or sometimes $(X/S, \mathcal{I}, \gamma )_{\text{CRIS}}$1.

There are some obvious functorialities concerning these topoi.

Remark 60.8.5 (Functoriality). Let $p$ be a prime number. Let $(S, \mathcal{I}, \gamma ) \to (S', \mathcal{I}', \gamma ')$ be a morphism of divided power schemes over $\mathbf{Z}_{(p)}$. Set $S_0 = V(\mathcal{I})$ and $S'_0 = V(\mathcal{I}')$. Let

\[ \xymatrix{ X \ar[r]_ f \ar[d] & Y \ar[d] \\ S_0 \ar[r] & S'_0 } \]

be a commutative diagram of morphisms of schemes and assume $p$ is locally nilpotent on $X$ and $Y$. Then we get a continuous and cocontinuous functor

\[ \text{CRIS}(X/S) \longrightarrow \text{CRIS}(Y/S') \]

by letting $(U, T, \delta )$ correspond to $(U, T, \delta )$ with $U \to X \to Y$ as the $S'$-morphism from $U$ to $Y$. Hence we get a morphism of topoi

\[ f_{\text{CRIS}} : (X/S)_{\text{CRIS}} \longrightarrow (Y/S')_{\text{CRIS}} \]

see Sites, Section 7.21.

Remark 60.8.6 (Comparison with Zariski site). In Situation 60.7.5. The functor (60.8.1.1) is cocontinuous (details omitted) and commutes with products and fibred products (Lemma 60.8.2). Hence we obtain a morphism of topoi

\[ U_{X/S} : (X/S)_{\text{CRIS}} \longrightarrow \mathop{\mathit{Sh}}\nolimits ((\mathit{Sch}/X)_{Zar}) \]

from the big crystalline topos of $X/S$ to the big Zariski topos of $X$. See Sites, Section 7.21.

Remark 60.8.7 (Structure morphism). In Situation 60.7.5. Consider the closed subscheme $S_0 = V(\mathcal{I}) \subset S$. If we assume that $p$ is locally nilpotent on $S_0$ (which is always the case in practice) then we obtain a situation as in Definition 60.8.1 with $S_0$ instead of $X$. Hence we get a site $\text{CRIS}(S_0/S)$. If $f : X \to S_0$ is the structure morphism of $X$ over $S$, then we get a commutative diagram of morphisms of ringed topoi

\[ \xymatrix{ (X/S)_{\text{CRIS}} \ar[r]_{f_{\text{CRIS}}} \ar[d]_{U_{X/S}} & (S_0/S)_{\text{CRIS}} \ar[d]^{U_{S_0/S}} \\ \mathop{\mathit{Sh}}\nolimits ((\mathit{Sch}/X)_{Zar}) \ar[r]^{f_{big}} & \mathop{\mathit{Sh}}\nolimits ((\mathit{Sch}/S_0)_{Zar}) \ar[rd] \\ & & \mathop{\mathit{Sh}}\nolimits ((\mathit{Sch}/S)_{Zar}) } \]

by Remark 60.8.5. We think of the composition $(X/S)_{\text{CRIS}} \to \mathop{\mathit{Sh}}\nolimits ((\mathit{Sch}/S)_{Zar})$ as the structure morphism of the big crystalline site. Even if $p$ is not locally nilpotent on $S_0$ the structure morphism

\[ (X/S)_{\text{CRIS}} \longrightarrow \mathop{\mathit{Sh}}\nolimits ((\mathit{Sch}/S)_{Zar}) \]

is defined as we can take the lower route through the diagram above. Thus it is the morphism of topoi corresponding to the cocontinuous functor $\text{CRIS}(X/S) \to (\mathit{Sch}/S)_{Zar}$ given by the rule $(U, T, \delta )/S \mapsto U/S$, see Sites, Section 7.21.

Remark 60.8.8 (Compatibilities). The morphisms defined above satisfy numerous compatibilities. For example, in the situation of Remark 60.8.5 we obtain a commutative diagram of ringed topoi

\[ \xymatrix{ (X/S)_{\text{CRIS}} \ar[d] \ar[r] & (Y/S')_{\text{CRIS}} \ar[d] \\ \mathop{\mathit{Sh}}\nolimits ((\mathit{Sch}/S)_{Zar}) \ar[r] & \mathop{\mathit{Sh}}\nolimits ((\mathit{Sch}/S')_{Zar}) } \]

where the vertical arrows are the structure morphisms.

[1] This clashes with our convention to denote the topos associated to a site $\mathcal{C}$ by $\mathop{\mathit{Sh}}\nolimits (\mathcal{C})$.

Comments (2)

Comment #6265 by Mingchen on

On the second line after 07I6, I think you mean discussions after Lemma 07ME, instead of after Definition 07I4.

Post a comment

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked.

In your comment you can use Markdown and LaTeX style mathematics (enclose it like $\pi$). A preview option is available if you wish to see how it works out (just click on the eye in the toolbar).

Unfortunately JavaScript is disabled in your browser, so the comment preview function will not work.

All contributions are licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.




In order to prevent bots from posting comments, we would like you to prove that you are human. You can do this by filling in the name of the current tag in the following input field. As a reminder, this is tag 07I5. Beware of the difference between the letter 'O' and the digit '0'.



View Section 60.8 as pdf